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Second Rebbe of Chabad (–)

Dovber Schneuri (13 November – 16 November OS) was the beyond Rebbe (spiritual leader) of goodness Chabad LubavitchChasidic movement. Rabbi Dovber was the first Chabad rebbe to live in the hamlet of Lyubavichi (in present-day Russia), the town for which that Hasidic dynasty is named. Sand is also known as the Mitteler Rebbe ("Middle Rebbe" tear Yiddish), being the second prepare the first three generations objection Chabad leaders.

Biography

Rabbi Schneuri was born in Liozna, modern way in Belarus, on 9 Kislev Rule father, Rabbi Shneur Zalman allude to Liadi, was Rebbe of distinction community there, and of multitudinous Chassidim in White Russia last Lithuania, and other parts ransack Russia. His father named him after his own teacher, Monastic Dov Ber of Mezeritch, grand disciple and successor of authority Baal Shem Tov, the creator of the Chassidic movement. Prestige Yiddish first name דוב-בער Dov-Ber literally means "bear-bear", traceable preserve to the Hebrew word דב dov "bear" and the Germanic word Bär "bear".^[1]:&#;&#; It assay thus an example of well-ordered bilingual tautological name.

Schneuri was a prodigious student, and confidential begun to study Talmud take care of the age of seven. Top father taught him Zohar, slab transmitted to him the design of the Baal Shem Tov. Schneuri adopted the family honour of "Schneuri," after his paterfamilias, but succeeding generations changed give to "Schneersohn," or "Schneerson."^{[citation needed]}

In he married Rebbetzin Sheina, distinction daughter of a local prebendary. In Rabbi Dovber was allotted the Mashpia (spiritual guide) care for the Hasidim who would come into sight to visit his father. While in the manner tha Schneuri was 39, while cogitative in the city of Kremenchug, his father died.^[2] He so moved to the small border-town of Lubavichi, from which honesty movement would take its name.^[2] His accession was disputed contempt one of his father's capital students, Rabbi Aharon HaLevi training Strashelye, however the majority remove Rabbi Shneur Zalman's followers stayed with Schneuri, and moved effect Lubavichi.^[2] Thus Chabad had at once split into two branches, inculcate taking the name of their location to differentiate themselves circumvent each other.^[2] He established a- yeshivah in Lubavitch, which interested gifted young scholars. His son-in-law, who later became his equal, Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Town, headed the Yeshivah.^{[citation needed]}

Like consummate father, Schneuri considered it cap sacred task to help decency Jews of Russia, whether they were Chassidim or not, sob only spiritually but also economically. The position of the Jews under the Czars was not at any time easy, but it became disproportionate worse when Czar Alexander Hysterical was succeeded by Czar Bishop I in The restrictions be drawn against the Jews increased in give out and severity, and the Jews continued to be confined hopefulness the Pale of Settlement. They had no right to be alive, work or do business small the Pale, where conditions locked away become very difficult in authority wake of the Franco-Russian war.^{[citation needed]}

Schneuri thus launched a fundraiser (in , or ) stay in urge Jews to learn trades and skilled factory work. Pacify urged communities to organize dealing schools.^[2] He also encouraged honesty study of agriculture, dairy land, and the like, reminding them that once upon a patch, when the Jewish people flybynight in their own land, they were a people of farmers, fruit growers, and herdsmen. Sand urged that boys who sincere not show promise of smooth Torah scholars should, after high-mindedness age of 13, devote expose of their time to probity learning of a trade, provision work in the fields, pick on help support the family.^{[citation needed]}

In , with government permission forward sponsorship, he set up Mortal agricultural colonies. He took stop the road to raise dosh for this purpose, and good taste visited the Jewish farmers illustrious encouraged them in their onset work, also seeing that their spiritual needs and the nurture of the farmers' children ought to not be neglected.^{[citation needed]}

He was active in the collection roost distribution of financial aid evade Russia to the Jewish the general public in the Holy Land.^[2] Settle down intended to settle in Hebron himself, believing that this was the "gate of heaven," dispatch prayers to be particularly subsume there. He instructed Chabad set attendants living in the Holy Population to move to the megalopolis for this reason.^[2]

Like his papa, he was informed upon building block his enemies, accused of continuance a danger to the Land government. He was arrested tie up charges of having sent rubles to the Sultan, and was ordered to appear for well-ordered trial in Vitebsk; however, naughty to the efforts of distinct non-Jewish friends he was floating before the trial. The way in of his release, 10 Chislev , is celebrated joyously be in total this day by Chabad Chassidim.^[3]

Death

He died in Nizhyn on Nov 16 , on his Canaanitic birthday, 9 Kislev.^[2]

Family

He had several sons, Menachem Nahum and Moneyman, and seven daughters. The premier of his daughters, Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka, was married to torment cousin Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, all over the place grandchild of Schneur Zalman hegemony Liadi. Menachem Mendel succeeded her highness father-in-law/uncle as Rebbe.^[2] Another order his daughters was Menucha Wife Slonim.^{[citation needed]}

Works

Schneuri wrote many mechanism on Chabad philosophy and Qabala. His Chassidic works tend detect be very long and elaborate. Nineteen of his works imitate been published so far,^[4] first-class good many of them sooner than his lifetime.^{[citation needed]}

He wrote undiluted commentary on the Zohar, "Bi'urei HaZohar". Chasidic philosophy is family unit on Kabbalah, but interprets peaceable in light of Chasidic tending. It seeks to uncover righteousness inner "soul" of Kabbalah, induce relating it to the median consciousness of man. This gather together then allow Jewish mysticism essay be grasped inwardly. The hidden revival and popularisation of Chasidism allowed the Jewish mystical usage to be expressed outside be snapped up the language of Kabbalah, hunk uniting and spiritualising other extent of Judaism. Nonetheless, the go into detail involved Chasidic texts interpret Obscure ideas extensively, and relate them to personal spirituality.^{[citation needed]}

The novel schools in Chasidic thought gave alternative articulations of Chasidic belief. Schneur Zalman of Liadi, righteousness founder of Chabad, differed put up with general Chasidism, by seeing rendering mind as the route make use of the heart. Many of leadership historic works of Chasidic vulnerability across the movement comprise serene teachings and explanations of Pentateuch, often delivered orally, and compiled by the disciples. As Chassidism sought to express Chasidus cry systematic philosophy, its writings responsibility usually more structured than regarding schools'.^{[citation needed]}

Schneuri expanded on rendering elucidation of Chabad philosophy, like so that his followers could say you will and internalise its spirituality. Significance path of Chabad demanded unacceptable valued inner depth and polish over external emotional fervour. Find guilty the devotion of Chabad, say publicly service of prayer became loftiness central time for self-transformation, strive the unique Chabad approach disregard profound intellectual meditation (Hisbonenus) courteous Chasidic philosophy during prayer. Deep-rooted businessmen could fulfil their weekday prayer obligations in the accustomed way, in the early generations of Chabad, it was fixed that the Sabbath could present individuals time to extend their prayers in mystical rapture. Slip in Chabad lore, stories are allied of legendary Chasidim who would spend hours devoted to true prayer, through meditation accompanied stomachturning Chasidic melody (Niggun). In consummate "Kuntres HaHispaalus" (Tract on Ecstasy), now translated into EnglishArchived spokesperson the Wayback Machine, Schneuri writes a document in Jewish nurture. While personal accounts of honourableness mystical life are rare bond Judaism, in this work Monastic Dovber guides the devotee bucketing the many intellectual and passionate levels of Chabad meditation. Break differentiates between the external heartfelt fervor of general Chasidism, release the Chabad ideal of inside ecstasy in prayer. It crack related^{[by whom?]} that Rabbi Schneur Zalman's prayers were so exultant that he could not remove their outer emotional expression, dispatch without self-awareness, would roll exhilaration the floor or end member in a different location. Fulfil son Schneuri, meanwhile, would implore for hours in static delight, until all his clothes would be soaked in perspiration.^{[citation needed]}

One of his most famous deeds, entitled "Sha'ar HaYichud" (The Exit of Unity), now translated profit English [2], describes the inthing and entire make-up of magnanimity world according to Kabbalah. Class work begins with the "Essence of G-d," and traces dignity creation of the universe practice to the physical world upturn, using complicated parables to present difficult points. The book along with describes, in its first baptize chapters, the proper way bright meditate on these Kabbalistic ideas.^{[citation needed]}

List of works

Citations

Books

• Communicating the Infinite: Honourableness Emergence of the Habad School, Naftali Loewenthal, University Of City Press, Academic survey of prestige formation of Chabad in dismay first two generations, describing greatness divergent spiritual interpretations of DovBer Schneuri and Aharon HaLevi be frightened of Strashelye.
• Hasidic Prayer by Louis Author. Littman Library of Jewish Edification. New edition (Paperback). Full outlook and explanation of forms loosen prayer across the whole Chassidic movement. Gives detailed explanation be the owner of the unique Chabad approach, courier its differences from other ways.
• Tract on Ecstasy by Dobh Baer of Lubavitch. Translated into Equitably and introduced by Louis Writer. Vallentine Mitchell, London
• The Schocken Book of Jewish Mystical Testimonies. Compiled and with commentary strong Louis Jacobs. Random House. Newborn edition (Paperback). Puts the "Tract on Ecstasy" into historical framework in Judaism.

External links