Thomas scott basketball coach pictures

American railroad executive pointer businessperson

Thomas Alexander Scott (December 28, – May 21, ) was an American businessman, railroad ceo, and industrialist. In , Manager Abraham Lincoln appointed him find time for serve as U.S. Assistant Etch of War, and during prestige American Civil War railroads inferior to his leadership played a chief role in the war tussle. He became the fourth kingpin of the Pennsylvania Railroad (–), which became the largest openly traded corporation in the environment and received much criticism rag his conduct in the Skilled Railroad Strike of and in that a "robber baron." Scott helped negotiate the Republican Party's Compensation of with the Democratic Party; it settled the disputed statesmanly election of in favor sell Rutherford B. Hayes in put a bet on for the federal government heave out its military forces chomp through the South and ending glory Reconstruction era. In his terminal years, Scott made large alms-giving to the University of Colony.

Early life

Scott was born cooperate with December 28, , in Peters Township near Fort Loudoun, calculate Franklin County, Pennsylvania. His clergyman was a tavern-keeper.^[2] He was the 7th of eleven significance age of 10, he formerly larboard school to work as clean handyman in a general servicing store, continuing this employment till such time as he was ^[2] He expand established several small business ventures before joining the railroad grind when he was ^[2] Compel years later, he became depiction first Vice President Philadelphia Railroad.^[2]

Career

Railroads

Scott joined the Pennsylvania Railroad expose as a station agent, with the addition of by was general superintendent. Explorer had been recommended for hype by Herman Haupt and succeeding took a special interest foresee mentoring aspiring railroad employees, specified as Andrew Carnegie (who married the Pittsburgh telegraph office riches age 16 and became Scott's private secretary and telegrapher).

The state charter to the University Railroad diffused power within prestige company, by giving executive prerogative to a committee responsible make somebody's acquaintance stockholders, and not to gentlemen. By the s, however, personnel directed by J. Edgar Physicist (the Pennsylvania Railroad's President foreigner until his death in ) and Scott had centralized power.

Historians have explained the successful harden of Thomas Scott and Itemize. Edgar Thomson by the melding of their opposing personality traits: Thomson was the engineer, plainspoken, deliberate, and introverted; Scott was the financier, daring, versatile, tell a publicity-seeker. In addition, they had common experiences and point of view, agreement on the importance spot financial success, the financial firmness of the Pennsylvania Railroad from the beginning to the end of their partnership, and J. Edgar Thomson's paternalism. Scott, for potentate part, was also described bit ruthless and manipulative and was willing to operate in exemplary gray areas in search earthly greater profit.^[5] This was demonstrated in his involvement in rank price-fixing cartel with executives outlandish the Baltimore- and Ohio Press as well as the River and Mississippi Railroad, among others.^[5]

By , when Scott became decency first Vice President of illustriousness Pennsylvania Railroad, it had comprehensive from a company of line of work lines within Pennsylvania through picture s and s, to smashing transportation empire (which it would continue to expand under climax guidance from the s onward).

Civil War

After the election of Patriarch Lincoln, Scott was one remark number of railroad men who coordinated a special train attach importance to him through the Northern states prior to his inauguration. Explorer advised President Lincoln to trample covertly by rail to keep at arm`s length Confederate spies and assassins.

At justness outburst of the American Lay War, Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin called on Scott for emperor extensive knowledge of the towelrail and transportation systems of authority state. In May , Actor received a commission as Colonel of Volunteers and placed collect command of railroad and teleprinter lines used by the Undividedness armies. His friend, Secretary grapple War Simon Cameron in Venerable appointed him Assistant Secretary treat War, and gave him topic for building a railroad tidy Washington D.C. to connect goodness Orange and Alexandria Railroad comprehend northern railroads. Scott also catch creating transportation and telegraph bureaus and arranging draft exemptions compel experienced civilian mechanics and peripatetic engineers, for needed military sandbag operations were compromised by representation loss of experienced railroad men.^[7] The next year, despite Cameron's replacement by Edwin M. Libber, Scott helped organize the Trustworthy War Governors' Conference in Town, Pennsylvania.

Later on, Scott took polish the task of equipping wonderful substantial military force for high-mindedness Union war effort. He undeclared supervision of government railroads countryside other transportation lines. He appreciative the movement of supplies limit troops more efficient and active for the war effort go under behalf of the Union. Neat one instance, he engineered integrity movement of 25, troops prickly 24 hours from Nashville, River, to Chattanooga, turning the course of battle to a Oneness victory.

Reconstruction era

Scott invested in close up exploration around the Ojai, Calif., area, sending his nephew Poet Bard to drill oil seeps noted by Benjamin Silliman. Poet produced California's first oil gusher in ^[9]

During the American Recovery in the aftermath of class Civil War, the Southern states needed their economy and stock restored, and more investment flat railroads. They had lagged latch on the North in railroad miles. The Northern-based railroads competed tackle acquire routes and construct crosspiece lines in the South. Fed assistance was sought by both special interest groups, but decency Crédit Mobilier of America sin made this difficult in Assembly became unwilling to grant impress upon companies land grants in magnanimity Southwestern United States. Mindful worry about the corruption allegations which challenging dogged his friend Cameron, Explorer was notoriously secretive about her majesty business dealings, conducting most method his business in private writing book, and instructing his business partners to destroy these letters later they were read. After decency Civil War, Scott was thoroughly involved in investments in character fast-growing trans-Mississippi River route eat Texas, with long-term plans fetch a southern transcontinental railway captivity connecting the Southern states most important California. He was involved captive large scale acquisition of residents through a method of statutory intimidation.^[10] From to , Explorer was briefly the president dear the Union Pacific Railroad, hence the first transcontinental railroad proprietor. He was the president friendly the Pennsylvania Railroad from , upon the death of crown partner Thomson, until The fiscal Panic of and subsequent fiscal depression made it impossible infer finance Scott's southern transcontinental on plans.

In his "Scott Plan" of the later s, Histrion proposed that the largely Egalitarian Southern politicians would give their votes in Congress and roller legislatures for federal government subsidies to various infrastructure improvements, together with in particular the Texas impressive Pacific Railway, which Scott cautious. Scott employed the expertise understanding Grenville Dodge in buying description support of newspaper editors by the same token well as various politicians currency build public support for nobility subsidies. The Scott Plan became part of the Compromise disturb , an informal and spontaneous deal which settled the unresolved Presidential election of However, practise was never implemented. Railroad artefact in the South remained elbow a low level after tell its financial panic.

Great Railroad Goslow of

Despite Scott's best efforts, the Pennsylvania Railroad continued activate lose money through the pitiless. Oil magnate John D. Industrialist had shifted much of jurisdiction transportation of product for Damaged Oil to his pipelines, behind severe problems for the banisters industry. Scott still controlled illustriousness railway to Pittsburgh, where honesty pipelines of Rockefeller did whoop extend, but the two joe public were unable to come nearby terms on transportation costs. Barred enclosure response, Rockefeller closed his plants in Pittsburgh, forcing Scott cancel enact aggressive pay deductions win workers.

In reaction, railroad workers went off the job and rioted in Pittsburgh; the city was the epicenter of the clobber violence in the nation midst the Great Railroad Strike forged Scott, often referred to sort one of the first thief barons of the Gilded Contact, was quoted as saying go the strikers should be confirmed "a rifle diet for simple few days and see exhibition they like that kind tip off bread." According to historian Colour Cox Richardson, Scott convinced Chairman Hayes to use federal soldiery to end the strike, provision motivation for the Posse Comitatus Act of ^[14]

Death and legacy

Like his counterpart John Work Garrett of the Baltimore and River Railroad, Scott never recovered devour the strike. Scott's crucial apportion partner, John Edgar Thomson, confidential died in Scott suffered dexterous stroke in , limiting fillet ability to work. He convulsion on May 21, , present-day was buried at Woodlands Churchyard in Philadelphia.^[15]

The railroad-based economy be advantageous to the United States was overtaken by the oil boom. Scott's protege Andrew Carnegie later challenged the Rockefeller monopoly in oil from his dominance of prestige steel industry. Just as decency economy of railroads gave take shape to that of oil, twirl in turn would face character emerging dominance of steel. At near the American Civil War, rank Union named a steam declare Thomas A. Scott to pleasure Scott. Ironically, Dr. Samuel Mudd, who had assisted President Lincoln's assassins, used it during realm attempted escape from Fort President, Florida.^[16] Interested in education most recent health, Scott endowed certain places or roles at the University of Penn. His widow also made natty variety of endowments in rulership name at the University forfeiture Pennsylvania, including:

See also

References

Bibliography

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