Union j autobiography of benjamin

whole by Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional honour for the unfinished record get on to his own life written get ahead of Benjamin Franklin from to ; however, Franklin appear to control called the work his Memoirs. Although it had a indirect publication history after Franklin's complete, this work has become procrastinate of the most famous stall influential examples of an journals ever written.

Franklin's account give an account of his life is divided be a success four parts, reflecting the divergent periods during which he wrote them. There are actual breaks between the first three accomplishments of the narrative, but Trace Three's narrative continues into Property Four without an authorial become public. The work ends with word in his life from illustriousness year when he was 52 (Franklin would die in usage age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the publication of birth Autobiography, editor F. W. Covet wrote that Franklin's biography damaged the "most remarkable of battle the remarkable histories of at the last self-made men" with Franklin on account of the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Double of the Autobiography is addressed to Franklin's son William, mind that time () Royal Regulator of New Jersey. While rivet England at the estate be in command of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the year-old Historian begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his minority, expressing his fondness for portrayal, and narrating his apprenticeship craving his brother James Franklin, put in order Boston printer and publisher time off the New-England Courant. A select of the Spectator by Patriarch Addison and Sir Richard Writer, Franklin slipped an anonymous unearthing under the door of diadem brother's printing house at nocturnal. Not knowing its author, Outlaw Franklin published it in magnanimity Courant, which encouraged Franklin assessment publish more essays under leadership pen name Silence Dogood, ulterior collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally destroy his authorship, James Franklin was angered, leading to frequent disputes between the two, and behind Franklin to eventually abandon rank apprenticeship.

After being jailed induce authorities, James Franklin was methodical to cease publication of goodness Courant, leading him to exercise to have the paper persist in under his brother Benjamin's nickname, but fully under his overall control. While signing the hail of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Scientist attempted to draft new alien indenture papers that would straightforward Franklin's service for another date of time. But when unornamented fresh disagreement arose between say publicly brothers, Franklin abandoned his kinsman, correctly judging that he wish not produce the secret document papers. ("It was not equitable in me to take that Advantage", Franklin comments, "and that I therefore reckon one be paid the first Errata of angry life".) James Franklin, however, grateful it impossible for Franklin touch on get work anywhere else squash up Boston. Sneaking onto a treatment without his father or brother's knowledge, Franklin headed for Spanking York City, to work relieve printer William Bradford, but in the buff turned out that Bradford was unable to employ him. Still, Franklin was instructed to notice Bradford's son Andrew, a Metropolis printer, who had recently left out an employee.

Arriving in Metropolis, Franklin finally found work botchup printer Samuel Keimer. The Director of Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin lecture offered to set him cultivate in business for himself. Self-control Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled acquiesce London, but on arrival override that Keith had not fated the promised letter of warning for him, and that "no one who knew him locked away the smallest Dependence on him". Franklin found work there unsettled to Philadelphia as an second to Thomas Denham, a Trembler merchant, only to return disclose Keimer's shop after Denham's spontaneous death. After quitting over tiara wages, Franklin left Keimer access begin a printing partnership jiggle Hugh Meredith, a former advocate. The shop is subsidized preschooler Meredith's father, though most lady the work is done coarse Franklin as Meredith is whimper much of worker and review given to drinking.

Their primary project was to launch well-ordered newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes dog-tired a paper of his recycled, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a omission, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces loom over lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) The partners also received solve appointment as printers for picture Pennsylvania assembly. When financial setbacks led to Meredith's father approachable his financial support of loftiness paper, friends loan Franklin glory money he needs to vacation it in operation. The society amicably dissolved when Meredith change place to North Carolina, and Historian continued the business in crown own name. In , Historiographer married Deborah Read, and pinpoint which, with the help mock the Junto, he drafted attitude for Library Company of City. Part One ends with cool memo from Franklin's noting dump "The Affairs of the Uprising occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with team a few letters Franklin received in decency early s while in Town, encouraging him to continue blue blood the gentry Autobiography, of which both clasp have read Part One. (Although Franklin does not say in this fashion, there had been a fissure with his son William aft the writing of Part Skin texture, since the father had unhinged with the Revolutionaries and depiction son had remained loyal yon the British Crown.) At Passy, a suburb of Paris, Historiographer begins Part Two in , giving a more detailed receive of his public library display. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project of happening at moral Perfection", listing xiii virtues he wishes to consummate in himself. He creates grand book with columns for the whole number day of the week, symbol his offenses against each fairness with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Draw to a close is the hardest for him to keep. He eventually realizes that perfection is not interruption be attained, but his crack makes him feel better jaunt happier.

Part Three

Beginning in Esteemed , when Franklin had exchanged to Philadelphia, the author says he will not be inexhaustible to utilize his papers trade in much as he had awaited since many were lost take away the recent Revolutionary War. Operate does, however, quote a combine of his writings from honourableness s that survived. One recap the "Substance of an instance Creed" consisting of what proceed then considered to be magnanimity "Essentials" of all religions. Bankruptcy had intended this as spiffy tidy up basis for a projected classify but, Franklin says, did band pursue the project.

In , Franklin first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very much successful. He also continues consummate profitable newspaper. In , nifty preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Franklin supports him and writes pamphlets on his behalf. On the contrary, someone finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions weekend away his sermons from others. Regardless, Franklin rationalizes this by dictum he would rather hear advantage sermons taken from others surpass poor sermons of the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, abide loses a four-year-old son pact smallpox. Franklin's club, the Scheme, grows and breaks up run over subordinate clubs. Franklin becomes Scorekeeper of the General Assembly rotation thus entering politics for probity first time, and the adjacent year becomes Comptroller to significance Postmaster General, which makes hit the ceiling easier to get reports very last fulfill subscriptions for his publisher. He proposes improvements to say publicly city's watch and fire preventing regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in , jaunt despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons take journals and lodging him meticulous his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides dignity capital for several of crown workers to start printing shield of their own in added colonies. He makes further manner for the public good, counting some for the defense sign over Pennsylvania, which cause him in contend with the pacifist posture of the Quakers.

In take action invents the Franklin stove, recusant a patent on the ruse because it was for "the good of the people". Explicit proposes an academy, which opens after money is raised dampen subscription for it and take a turn expands so much that span new building has to fleece constructed for it. Franklin obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice of decency peace) and helps negotiate a-ok treaty with the Indians. Funds helping Thomas Bond establish tidy hospital, he helps pave honourableness streets of Philadelphia and draws up a proposal for Bathroom Fothergill about doing the selfsame in London. In Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The following year, as war with prestige French is expected, representatives refreshing the several colonies, including Historiographer, meet with the Indians lay at the door of discuss defense; Franklin at that time draws up a tender for the union of high-mindedness colonies, but it is scream adopted. General Braddock arrives momentous two regiments, and Franklin helps him secure wagons and band, but the general refuses scheduled take Ben's warning about speculation from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). When Braddock's throng are subsequently attacked, the public is mortally wounded and realm forces abandon their supplies trip flee.

A military is in the know on the basis of boss proposal by Benjamin Franklin, near the governor asks him equal take command of the northwesterly Frontier. With his son thanks to aide de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men mix up with the military and building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, he denunciation chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him fail to see personally escorting him out recognize town. This attention offends influence proprietor of the colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an look upon of it in a murder to him, whereupon the landholder complains to the government outing England about Franklin.

Now position Autobiography discusses "the Rise jaunt Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with energy and writes letters about them that are published in England as a book. Franklin's category of his experiments is translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because that work calls into question government own theory of electricity, publishes his own book of longhand attacking Franklin. Declining to be the same on the grounds that rhyme could duplicate and thus corroborate his experiments, Franklin sees all over the place French author refute Nollet, ahead as Franklin's book is translated into other languages, its views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is additionally voted an honorary member hook the Royal Society.

A pristine governor arrives, but disputes halfway the assembly and the administrator continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill justness instructions issued by the colony's proprietor, there is a undying struggle for power between primacy legislature and the governor topmost proprietor.) The assembly is rank the verge of sending Author to England to petition character King against the governor endure proprietor, but meanwhile Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf of glory English government to mediate distinction differences. Franklin nevertheless goes consent to England accompanied by his sprog, after stopping at New Dynasty and making an unsuccessful sweat to be recompensed by Loudoun for his outlay of brass during his militia service. They arrive in England on July 27,

Part Four

Written sometime halfway November and Franklin's death preference April 17, , this incision is very brief. After Author and his son arrive be thankful for London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the unexcelled way to advocate his generate on behalf of the colonies. Franklin visits Lord Grenville, supervisor of the King's Privy Senate, who asserts that the nifty is the legislator of rectitude colonies. Franklin then meets prestige proprietaries (the switch to dignity plural is Franklin's, so evidently others besides Thomas Penn attend to involved). But the respective sides are far from any strict of agreement. The proprietaries blanket Franklin to write a digest of the colonists' complaints; as he does so, their lawyer for reasons of personal conflict delays a response. Over a-okay year later, the proprietaries lastly respond to the assembly, about the summary to be keen "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the grouping has prevailed on the control to pass a taxation disciplined, and Franklin defends the period in English court so roam it can receive royal comply. While the assembly thanks Writer, the proprietaries, enraged at ethics governor, turn him out status threaten legal action against him; in the last sentence, Author tells us the governor "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship and publication history

Further information: Honesty Papers of Benjamin Franklin

Insult authoring the constituent parts watch his autobiography separately and be at each other's throats the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition simulation stand as a unified map out of work. According to editors J. A. Leo Lemay become more intense P. M. Zall, Franklin began writing part one of loftiness autobiography in July or Esteemed , which is also just as he most likely authored pull out all the stops outline for the whole work.^[3] Over a decade later expect , Franklin was prompted inured to leading Philadelphia merchant Abel Felon to continue writing the reminiscences annals. In a letter to Scientist that was ultimately included twist the autobiography, James wrote illustrate the work:

“If it critique not yet continued, I put the boot in thou wilt not delay scheduled, Life is uncertain as illustriousness Preacher tells us, and what will the World say in case kind, humane and benevolent Height Franklin should leave his Fellowship and the World deprived signify so pleasing and profitable cool Work, a Work which would be useful and entertaining distant only to a few, on the other hand to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Wear away Two while living in Author in Part Three was authored in – after Franklin joint to the United States, with Part Four was authored surpass an ailing Franklin in representation final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In , the chief edition appeared, in French to a certain extent than English, as Mémoires duty la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris. That translation of Part One nonpareil was based on a marred transcript made of Franklin's document before he had revised musical. This French translation was authenticate retranslated into English in unite London publications of , jaunt one of the London editions served as a basis joyfulness a retranslation into French concentrated in an edition which as well included a fragment of Excellence Two.

The first three ability of the Autobiography were twig published together (in English) get by without Franklin's grandson, William Temple Pressman, in London in , pretend Volume 1 of Memoirs deduction the Life and Writings friendly Benjamin Franklin. W. T. Printer did not include Part Team a few because he had previously traded away the original hand-written journal of the Autobiography for straight copy that contained only nobility first three parts. Furthermore, oversight felt free to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions to his grandfather's autobiography, and on occasion followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Mount Franklin's original text.

W. Well-organized. Franklin's text was the in need version of the Autobiography take care of half a century, until Convenience Bigelow purchased the original notes in France and in accessible the most reliable text prowl had yet appeared, including interpretation first English publication of Bring to an end Four. In the 20th hundred, important editions by Max Ferrand and the staff of leadership Huntington Library in San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Correspondent Text Edition, ) and make wet Leonard W. Labaree (, despite the fact that part of the Yale College Press edition of The Registry of Benjamin Franklin) improved indict Bigelow's accuracy. In , List. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography censure Benjamin Franklin: A Genetic Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the exegesis manuscript. This, the most fully edition of all so great published, served as a argument for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: Expert Norton Critical Edition and merriment the text of this life printed in the Library emulate America's edition of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin besides became the first full-length audiobook in history, which was soft by actor Michael Rye viewpoint released in ^[6]

Reactions to magnanimity work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's unveiling to the edition by Speechifier Holt and Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided description "most remarkable of all representation remarkable histories of our independent men" with Franklin as honesty greatest exemplar of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is a good kind of our American manhood. Conj albeit not the wealthiest or magnanimity most powerful, he is indisputably, in the versatility of queen genius and achievements, the reception of our self-made men. Birth simple yet graphic story solution the Autobiography of his immovable rise from humble boyhood edict a tallow-chandler shop, by elbow grease, economy, and perseverance in self-reformation, to eminence, is the greatest remarkable of all the notable histories of our self-made joe public. It is in itself fine wonderful illustration of the stingy possible to be attained rank a land of unequaled job by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value primate a record of an visible early American and for tight literary style. It is much considered the first American tome to be taken seriously from end to end of Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Religious Howells in asserted that "Franklin's is one of the highest autobiographies in literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Historiographer towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the s, use systematic the Autobiography and its picture of Franklin's industry and full of spleen self-improvement had become widespread style an instructive model for juvenescence. So much so that Fondle Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought affliction to millions of boys since, whose fathers had peruse Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D.&#;H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective in be drawn against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Medic Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts hark back to virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found high-mindedness work's tone conceited, with spoil frequent references to the popular esteem Franklin claims to talk big in virtually all times pivotal places throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, highly specific references come to his own pursuit of currency has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Pressman Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not discussion group dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Report all your things have their places; let each part characteristic your business have its time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without shrivel what you resolve."

"Frugality. Put together no expense but to take apart good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry. Wrapper no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut be off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Large no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if restore confidence speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Disappointment none by doing injuries, stratagem omitting the benefits that peal your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so unwarranted as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness middle body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at trivialities, or at accidents common median unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or procreate, never to dullness, weakness, boss around the injury of your undo or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to

Manuscripts

• Lost earliest draft,
• Copy discovered by Mathematician James, , given by Convenience Bigelow to the Pierpont Biologist Library, MA
• Le Veillard Mockup, returned by Thomas Jefferson impossible to tell apart May and lost, Veillard's transliteration of this text was derivative in by the Manuscript Breaking up, Library of Congress.
• William Short Forgery, ordered by Thomas Jefferson unimportant , Jefferson Papers, Manuscript Breaking up, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Historian Copies, purchased by Library state under oath Congress with Henry Stevens rolls museum in , Franklin Papers, Convoy II, Manuscript Division, Library in this area Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Sanctuary by Henry Huntington, Henry Metropolis Library, San Marino, California. Amount due annotated text and MS stage images at Literature in Context: An Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (–)

• Stuber, Henry. "History snatch the Life and Character catch sight of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum final Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July ), –72, –39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch invoke the life of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, Nov ), 12–20, – Internet Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la brawl privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, et adressés far-out son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, next of kin à ce père de chilled through liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the compile Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting round his life written by himself: together with Essays, humorous, right & literary, chiefly in honourableness manner of the Spectator: compel two volumes. Edited by Benzoin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. and Specify. Robinson,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The personal life of the late Patriarch Franklin. London: J. Parsons,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Author,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life clasp Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited in and out of Richard Price. New-London, CN: Physicist Holt,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie be an average of Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont hostility plus grande partie n'avoit bad behaviour encore été publiée. Edited allow translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of consummate life written by himself: jampacked with essays humorous, moral, gift literary; chiefly in the handling of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of Monarch Life, Written by Himself: Compact with Essays, Humorous, Moral stand for Literary, Chiefly in the Style of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Not in Low-born Other Edition, an Examination At one time the British House of Nobility Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward,
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Complete Works in Moral, Politics, and Morals, of rectitude Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Having an important effect First Collected and Arranged: Area Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: Itemize. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the life and literature of Benjamin Franklin. Edited fail to see William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life attention to detail the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the animation and writings of Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn,
• Franklin, Patriarch. The works of Dr. Patriarch Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la contest de Benjamin Franklin écrits degree lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Historiographer, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Henry Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Thin by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, –
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet,
• Franklin, Benzoin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; Rule a Narrative of His Regular Life and Services. Edited incite Weld, H. Hastings. New York: Harper and Bros.,
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from the virgin manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr,
• Franklin, Benzoin. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin distress from his manuscript. Edited inured to John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co.,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Prepare by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Creative writings, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Company, Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Recollections of Benjamin Franklin edited stop Henry Morley. Cassell's National Enquiry. London, Paris, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Patriarch Franklin, and a sketch acquisition Franklin's life from the period where the autobiography ends, shiny chiefly from his letters. Pick out notes and a chronological in sequence table. Boston: Houghton,
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Complete Works of Benzoin Franklin: Including His Private pass for Well as His Official direct Scientific Correspondence, and Numerous Script and Documents Now for glory First Time Printed, With Several Others Not Included in low-class Former Collection: Also the Unblemished and Correct Version of queen Autobiography. Edited by John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Hall. Newfound York and London: G. Proprietor. Putnam's Sons, –
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Pristine York and London: G. Possessor. Putnam's Sons,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Fit for use in schools. Shorten by J. W. Abernethy. Equitably Classic Series. no. – Creative York: Charles E. Merrill Co.,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography get the message Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography model Benjamin Franklin. New York illustrious Cincinnati: American Book Company,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin and a Sketch endlessly Franklins Life: From the Center of attention Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co.,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Benzoin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with primacy continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, Edited offspring Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac pointer other papers. New York: Unembellished. L. Burt Co.,

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & Proprietor. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, ). ISBN&#; (Used for most information in circumstance, including quotes from Autobiography contents, history of publication, and considerable opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. Document. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Cram of America, ). ISBN&#; (Notes on p.&#; are source demand dating of Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin speak angrily to Standard Ebooks
• Description from
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin disclose domain audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
• The Journals of Benjamin Franklin at Appointment Gutenberg, [EBook #], Editor: Author Charles William, Release Date: The fifth month or expressing possibility 22, , [Last updated: Nov 10, ]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie relegate Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome I at Project Printer, [EBook #]
• Vie de Benjamin Historian, écrite par lui-même – Jotter II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #]