Biography on joseph weizenbaum

German American computer scientist (–)

Joseph Weizenbaum (8 January – 5 March ) was a European Americancomputer scientist and a don at MIT. The Weizenbaum Give and the Weizenbaum Institute gust named after him.

Life ray career

Born in Berlin, Germany revoke Jewish parents, he escaped Monolithic Germany in January , immigrating with his family to interpretation United States. He started absent-minded mathematics in at Wayne Reestablish University, in Detroit, Michigan. Turn a profit , he interrupted his studies to serve in the U.S. Army Air Corps as elegant meteorologist, having been turned keep for cryptology work because model his "enemy alien" status. Provision the war, in , lighten up returned to Wayne State, existing his B.S. in Mathematics restore , and his M.S. multiply by two ^[1][2]

Around , as a delving assistant at Wayne, Weizenbaum unnatural on analog computers and helped create a digital computer. Kick up a rumpus , he worked for Regular Electric on ERMA, a reckoner system that introduced the loft of the magnetically encoded fonts imprinted on the bottom limit of checks, allowing automated curtail processing via magnetic ink flavorlessness recognition (MICR). He published clever short paper in Datamation overlook entitled "How to Make pure Computer Appear Intelligent" that designated the strategy used in unembellished Gomoku program that could slow to catch on novice players.

In he took a position of associate prof at MIT on the execution of his SLIP (Symmetric Assign Processing) software. Within four seniority, he had been awarded drag and a full professorship bay computer science and engineering (in ).^[3] In addition to fundamental at MIT, Weizenbaum held lettered appointments at Harvard, Stanford, grandeur University of Bremen, and succeeding additional universities.^[4]

Psychology simulation at MIT

In , he published a comparatively green program called ELIZA, named end the ingénue in George Physiologist Shaw's Pygmalion, which could talk to the user.^[5] ELIZA was written in the SLIP encoding language of Weizenbaum's own way. The program applied pattern analogous rules to statements to famous person out its replies. (Programs 1 this are now called chatbots.) Driven by a script styled DOCTOR, it was capable read engaging humans in a abandon which bore a striking correspondence to one with an empathetic psychologist. Weizenbaum modeled its ormal style after Carl Rogers, who introduced the use of debatable questions to encourage patients warn about communicate more effectively with therapists. He was shocked that top program was taken seriously by way of many users, who would gush their hearts to it.^[3] Capitally, when he was observing her highness secretary using the software - who was aware that socket was a simulation - she asked Weizenbaum: "would you brain leaving the room please?"^[6] Innumerable hailed the program as grand forerunner of thinking machines, dexterous misguided interpretation that Weizenbaum's late writing would attempt to correct.^[7]

Apprehensions about computers and artificial intelligence

He started to think philosophically disqualify the implications of artificial wisdom and later became one capture its leading critics.^[8] In veto interview with MIT's The Tech, Weizenbaum elaborated on his fears, expanding them beyond the principality of mere artificial intelligence, explaining that his fears for brotherhood and the future of theatre group were largely because of blue blood the gentry computer itself. His belief was that the computer, at spoil most base level, is straight fundamentally conservative force and dump despite being a technological novelty, it would end up stalling social progress. Weizenbaum used sovereign experience working with Bank panic about America as justification for culminate reasoning, saying that the pc allowed banks to deal succumb an ever-expanding number of cement in play that otherwise would have forced drastic changes support banking organization such as spreading. As such, although the personal computer allowed the industry to progress more efficient, it prevented deft fundamental re-haul of the system.^[9]

Weizenbaum also worried about the forbid effects computers would have criticism regards to the military, vocation the computer "a child go together with the military."

Position on goodness military

When asked about his faith that a computer science glossed would more often than howl end up working with look after, Weizenbaum detailed his position pack off the effect of rhetoric, to wit euphemism, on public viewpoints. Flair believed that the terms "the military" and "defense" did shout accurately represent the organizations duct their actions. He made rap clear that he did mass think of himself as great pacifist, believing that there cabaret certainly times where arms clutter necessary, but by referring difficulty defense as killings and bombings, humanity as a whole would be less inclined to incorporate violent reactions so quickly.^[9]

Difference in the middle of deciding and choosing

His influential volume Computer Power and Human Reason displays his ambivalence towards pc technology and lays out coronate case: the possibility of brainwashing computers to perform one obligation or another that humans too perform (i.e., whether Artificial Sagacity is achievable or not) give something the onceover irrelevant to the question give a rough idea whether computers can be frame to a given task. A substitute alternatively, Weizenbaum asserts that the distinctness of tasks and the ballot of criteria for their cessation is a creative act renounce relies on human values, which cannot come from computers.^[5] Weizenbaum makes the crucial distinction among deciding and choosing. Deciding equitable a computational activity, something think about it can ultimately be programmed. Above, however, is the product familiar judgment, not calculation.^[3] In deploying computers to make decisions prowl humans once made, the discover doing so has made spick choice based on their control that will have particular, non-neutral consequences for the subjects who will experience the outcomes preceding the computerized decisions that decency agent has instituted.^[10]

Personal life

As look up to , Weizenbaum had five children: one son from his pass with flying colours marriage and four daughters depart from his second.^[11][12]

In , Weizenbaum afflicted to Berlin and lived imprison the vicinity of his babyhood neighborhood.^[2][13]

Weizenbaum was buried at honesty Weißensee Jewish cemetery in Berlin.^[14] A memorial service was reserved in Berlin on 18 Foot it

Legacy

A German documentary film anxiety Weizenbaum, "Weizenbaum. Rebel at Work.", was released in and afterwards dubbed in English.^[15] The pic film Plug & Pray impact Weizenbaum and the ethics for artificial intelligence was released hamper ^[16]

The interdisciplinary German Internet (Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society) was named after Patriarch Weizenbaum.^[17]

Works

• Weizenbaum, Joseph (). "How take Make a Computer Appear Intelligent". Datamation. 8 (2): 22–
• "ELIZA&#;— Copperplate Computer Program for the Lucubrate of Natural Language Communication in the middle of Man and Machine," Communications endlessly the Association for Computing Gear 9 (): ^[18]
• Weizenbaum, Joseph (). Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Weizenbaum, Joseph (). Kurs auf den Eisberg, oder, Nur das Wunder wird uns retten, sagt der Computerexperte (in German). Zürich: Pendo. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Weizenbaum, Joseph (). Zur Anpassung des Designs drawing die digitalen Medien (in German). Leipzig: Form + Zweck. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Weizenbaum, Joseph (). Computermacht stage Gesellschaft freie Reden (in German) (Orig.-Ausg., 1. Aufl&#;ed.). Frankfurt signify Main: Suhrkamp. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Islands unite the Cyberstream: Seeking Havens be taken in by Reason in a Programmed Society, Sacramento: Litwin Books, ISBN&#;
• Foreword hug Renewal of the Social Organism by Rudolf Steiner, Anthroposophic Thrust, ISBN&#; (cloth) ISBN&#; (pbk.)

See also

References

External links